A Little Patience

I tried doing this chain at 100 and couldn't queue for this scenario. The dedicated scenario button has been removed from the dungeon finder and I googled for a couple of days on how proceed with the quest chain before stumbling on patch notes.

In the top floor of the Mogu' Shan Palace in the Valley of the Four Winds, speak with Loremaster Fu. One of the options is "Tell me of how Varian and Tyrande learned a little patience." Choosing this option should queue without any trouble.

This is a scenario, as previously stated.

There are five possibilities for camps (dwarf, gnome, pandaren, night elf, jinyu). Each time you go into this scenario, two will be picked at random.

Your objective is to help build the two camps before Varian's patience runs out. The camps will be building at a very slow building pace at baseline, and it's your job to gather resources to help speed them up. Each camp has four (specific) resources that will help them speed up (usually one is food, one is a building material, etc.) that you can gather from the surrounding area from mobs and other clickables. The resource items will state which factions they can help. Krasari Iron for dwarves and gnomes, water from the elementals for pandaren and night elves, etc.

After you have gathered some, return to the appropriate camp and turn them in by either right-clicking on the item in your inventory or clicking on the appropriate receptable with the cogwheel over it. Voila, the progress bar should move ahead a bit. (The cogwheel receptacles will not do anything unless you have a resource of the appropriate type in your bag to use on them!)

The toolboxes on the ground in the camp where you first spawn should yield a Dwarven Hammer (or something like that), which can be used on any campsite. You can only carry one at a time, though. (Possibly only one per scenario?) Further toolbox-opening will yield nothing.

Occasionally elite mobs attack the camps. Defeat them in order to avoid losing progress, and to get more resource stuff off their corpses. (Apparently the pandaren camp, instead of getting attacked, has its workers fall asleep every so often. Collect water from the elementals, and right-click on the workers to wake them up.)

When you have either the camps all built or Varian's patience runs out, orcs will start streaming from the Temple and head towards the camps. Do not try to fight them! The traps should kill them, if you've built them in time. The only remaining mobs should be six elite orcs who are too smart to run into traps. Kill them, kill the boss that spawns after them, and you're done!

EDIT: As of patch 5.2 Varian has become infinitely more patient. You no longer have a timer to compete against. Also, they may have relaxed the rules on which resources can be used by which races - you still get an error message when you try to use a resource for a "wrong" race, but the resource still disappears and the camp still gets a buff.
Also, the six elite orcs at the end are very much skippable. Circle around them and go straight up the stairs to the boss.

I looked all over for the Mogu' Shan Palace in the Valley of the Four Winds. It's actually in the Vale of Eternal Blossoms.