The Master Strategist

What is this? This quest The Master Strategist is started by the item A Treatise on Strategy - that you can turn in with the Darkmoon Faire whenever it is in town.

How do I get it? In order to be eligible to loot this, you must have the [item=71634] in your bags inventory - which can be obtained in one of two ways:

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• Receive it as a reward from Gelvas Grimegate after completing The Darkmoon Faire for Alliance or The Darkmoon Faire for Horde.
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• Receive it from Selina Dourman just by talking to her, she stands at the first tent on the left-side of the entrance to the Darkmoon Faire.
  Note: if you have The Darkmoon Faire quest in your quest log, Selina will not offer to give you the guide - you will either need to drop the quest and speak to her again or simply hand in at which point you get the guide anyway.
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Where do I get it? This particular item ONLY drops from Cataclysm & Pandaren heroic 5-man dungeon bosses (it seems to drop from bosses with military titles). The drop rates are also very low -- though if you RNG graces you favorably you may see one dropped by any of the following (drop locations will be updated as they are confirmed) listed in alphabetical order by boss name:

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• Asaad -- Vortex Pinnacle no longer listed in drop tables
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• [npc=54938] -- [zone=5844]
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• Ascendant Lord Obsidius -- Blackrock Caverns
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• [npc=59223] -- [zone=6109]
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• [npc=56636] -- [zone=5976]
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• Commander Springvale -- Shadowfang Keep
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• Commander Ulthok -- Throne of the Tides
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• Daakara -- Zul'Aman no longer listed in drop tables
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• [npc=59080] -- [zone=6066]
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• [npc=61485] -- [zone=6214]
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• General Umbriss -- Grim Batol
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• Grand Vizier Ertan -- The Vortex Pinnacle
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• High Prophet Barim -- Lost City of Tol'vir
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• Jin'do the Godbreaker -- Zul'Gurub no longer listed in drop tables
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• [npc=40586] -- [zone=5004] never confirmed
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• [npc=54969] -- [zone=5788] no longer listed in drop tables
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• [npc=54432] -- [zone=5789] no longer listed in drop tables
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• [npc=56717] -- [zone=5963]
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• Rajh -- Halls of Origination
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• [npc=56439] -- [zone=5956]
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• Slabhide -- The Stonecore
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• [npc=61398] -- [zone=6182]
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Why do I want it? There are several reasons that you may want this item:

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• Receive 15 Darkmoon Prize Tickets upon handing it in - these tickets allow you to purchase mounts, pets and other collectibles whenever the Darkmoon Faire is on.
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• Receive 250 reputation (or more depending on your racial/guild bonuses etc) with the Darkmoon Faire - great for anyone who is either a rep junkie or is working towards The Insane title awarded by the Insane in the Membrane achievement.
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• Having completed the quest that this item starts will count towards the achievement Darkmoon Despoiler.
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• Gold gold GOLD - since this item isn't BoP (bind on pickup), it is tradable and sellable via the auction house. If you don't care about the above three points, then you can profiteer from someone who does!
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What else do I need to know?

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• The quest can only be turned in once per Darkmoon Faire. You can certainly collect more of these, however if you've turned in for the current faire, you'll have to wait till it's next in town.
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• This seems to be the hardest of all the DMF quest items to obtain, primarily given that it only drops from end game heroic dungeons. But for the most part, just pray to the RNG gods and eventually they may answer you.
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• This item can be looted anytime - that is to say, the Darkmoon Faire does not have to be currently on in order for you to be able to find these puppies.
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What other Darkmoon Faire drops are there?

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• Fallen Adventurer's Journal -> The Captured Journal = 5 x Darkmoon Prize Tickets
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• Banner of the Fallen -> A Captured Banner = 5 x Darkmoon Prize Tickets
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• Captured Insignia -> The Enemy's Insignia = 5 x Darkmoon Prize Tickets
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• Imbued Crystal -> A Curious Crystal = 10 x Darkmoon Prize Tickets
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• Monstrous Egg -> An Exotic Egg = 10 x Darkmoon Prize Tickets
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• Mysterious Grimoire -> An Intriguing Grimoire = 10 x Darkmoon Prize Tickets
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• Ornate Weapon -> A Wondrous Weapon = 10 x Darkmoon Prize Tickets
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• Soothsayer's Runes -> Tools of Divination = 10 x Darkmoon Prize Tickets
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Will frequently amend and extend this post as users request it or as I learn more.

Those quests look like monthly challenges. Right now WoWHead list them with the yellow mark of one-timers, but doesn't make sense having them just once per character. Besides Achievements that can be missed and never done again aren't like Blizzard. And those quests are attached to one.
Still 250 reputation points should be limited, what make me guess those quests are like the ones in Wintergrasp, weekly ones. But the Faire only exist one week each month, making them monthly;

Here is a macro to show which items you haven't turned in this month. If any lines show up as "nil" just run the macro again to get the item link.
/run q={{0,0},{1,1},{2,2},{3,3},{8,80},{13,316},{14,317},{15,318},{21,81}}print("Items not yet turned in this month:")for _,l in pairs(q)do if not IsQuestFlaggedCompleted(l[1]+29443)then _,t=GetItemInfo(l[2]+71635)print(t)end end

[edit]Updated for patch 5.0.