Zen Master Archaeologist

Pandaren Keystone: Pandaren Pottery Shard

Common tier Pandaren items:
Apothecary Tins
Carved Bronze Mirror
Pandaren Game Board
Edicts of the Thunder King
Empty Keg of Brewfather Xin Wo Yin
Gold-Inlaid Porcelain Funerary Figurine
Pearl of Yu'lon
Standard of Niuzao
Twin Stein Set of Brewfather Quan Tou Kuo
Walking Cane of Brewfather Ren Yun

Rare tier Pandaren items:
Spear of Xuen
Umbrella of Chi-Ji

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Mogu Keystone: Mogu Statue Piece

Common tier Mogu items:
Cracked Mogu Runestone
Iron Amulet
Manacles of Rebellion
Mogu Coin
Petrified Bone Whip
Terracotta Arm
Thunder King Insignia
Warlord's Branding Iron
Worn Monument Ledger

Rare tier Mogu items:
Quilen Statuette
Anatomical Dummy

If no changes are made to how Archaeology levels up, this should be possible on day 1 with a little prep.

If you are maxed in Cata and you still gain 5 skill ups per solves (15 for rares) then this will only take 15 normal solves to max out. If you max out your fragments for 3 or 4 races (Night Elves, Fossils, Dwarves and Trolls are usually easiest) then you should easily have enough to max your skill level as soon as MoP hits.

Of course it is possible that Blizzard has already considered this and will change the skill up system or reset fragments.

Well, since I've used all my solves between 23:55 (when MoP EU started) and 23:59, and since I had 2 rares and about a dozen common projects, and NONE gave any skill whatsoever, I think "Of course it is possible that Blizzard has already considered this and will change the skill up system or reset fragments." is what has become true. [Or maybe that was unintentional on Blizzard's part, but effectively did screw me nonetheless...]